Does Birth Control Affect Female Strength and Power

A recent study examined whether oral contraceptives (OC) or hormonal IUDs (H-IUD) impact maximal strength and power compared to women with natural menstrual cycles (eumenorrheic women, EUM). 

Sixty healthy, active women aged 18–40 were tested across two hormonal phases (low-hormone and high-hormone). Researchers measured 1-rep max (1RM) leg press and bench press, peak force, and vertical jump height.

Key Findings:

Strength and Power:

No significant differences were found between the groups in maximal strength or power, but OC users showed slightly higher leg press strength (5.6%) compared to others.

• My theory for this is that since OC does not have any hormonal fluctuations throughout the month (unlike IUD, or eumenorrheic) were they able to push through the luteal phase without any drops in strength?

• Would this even out across the year if the study went longer, as eumenorrheic women have those 2-3 weeks where strength is higher?

• This is the downfall of many studies, they are typically short (about 4-12 weeks)

Hormonal Phases:

Hormonal fluctuations didn’t appear to meaningfully affect performance outcomes across the phases.

Individual Variation:

Some participants showed phase-based differences, emphasizing the importance of individual responses.

What This Means for You:

This study suggests that hormonal contraceptive use does not significantly compromise strength or power. Female athletes can confidently pursue their training goals without assuming that birth control will limit their performance. However, responses to hormonal fluctuations vary, so individualized approaches to training, nutrition, and recovery remain essential.

Practical Takeaway:

Consistency in training and recovery outweighs minor hormonal influences. Work with a coach (me) who understands your needs to address your unique needs and maximize performance, regardless of contraceptive use.

👉 Want a coach that will answer all your questions and filter out the BS? Work with a Master Athletic Coach today and start fueling for real, lasting results. [Apply Here] 


Olivia Oneid

Coach, Master Athletic Performance